num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
sum = num1 + num2
print("The sum is:", sum)

pi = 3.14
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area = pi * radius**2
print("The area of the circle is:", area)

base = float(input("Enter the base of the triangle: "))
height = float(input("Enter the height of the triangle: "))
area = 0.5 * base * height
print("The area of the triangle is:", area)

base1 = float(input("Enter the length of the first base: "))
base2 = float(input("Enter the length of the second base: "))
height = float(input("Enter the height of the trapezoid: "))
area = 0.5 * (base1 + base2) * height
print("The area of the trapezoid is:", area)

pi = 3.14

radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the cylinder: "))
height = float(input("Enter the height of the cylinder: "))

volume = pi * radius**2 * height
area = 2 * pi * radius * (radius + height)

print("The volume of the cylinder is:", volume)
print("The surface area of the cylinder is:", area)

#input celsius
celsius = float(input("Enter Celsius: "))

#calculate fahrenheit using the formula
fahrenheit = (9/5)*celsius + 32
print("Fahrenheit ",fahrenheit)

#input fahrenheit
fahrenheit = float(input("Enter Fahrenheit: "))

celsius = (5/9)*(fahrenheit - 32)
print("Celsius ",celsius)

def add(x, y):
    return x + y

def subtract(x, y):
    return x - y

def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y

def divide(x, y):
    if y != 0:
        return x / y
    else:
        return "Cannot divide by zero."

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
operator = input("Enter operator (+, -, *, /): ")

if operator == '+':
    result = add(num1, num2)
elif operator == '-':
    result = subtract(num1, num2)
elif operator == '*':
    result = multiply(num1, num2)
elif operator == '/':
    result = divide(num1, num2)
else:
    result = "Invalid operator."

print(f"The result is: {result}")

days = int(input("Enter the number of days: "))

years = days // 365
months = (days % 365) // 30
remaining_days = (days % 365) % 30

print(f"Years: {years}, Months: {months}, Days: {remaining_days}")

hours = int(input("Enter the number of hours: "))

minutes = hours * 60
seconds = hours * 3600

print(f"Minutes: {minutes}, Seconds: {seconds}")

def find_exponent(a, n):
    x = 0
    while a ** x != n:
        x += 1
    return x

a1, n1 = 2, 1024
a2, n2 = 3, 81

print(f"For a = {a1} and n = {n1}, the exponent x is: {find_exponent(a1, n1)}")
print(f"For a = {a2} and n = {n2}, the exponent x is: {find_exponent(a2, n2)}")

number = int(input("Enter a number "))

if number % 2 == 0:
    print("Number is Even")
else:
    print("Number is ODD")

number = int(input("Enter a number : "))

if number > 0:
    print("Positive")
elif number < 0:
    print("Negative")
else:
    print("Zero")

a = int(input("Enter the first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter the second number: "))
c = int(input("Enter the third number: "))

# Find the maximum of two numbers
max_number = a
if b > max_number:
    max_number = b

# If the third number is greater than the maximum of two numbers, then it is the maximum number
if c > max_number:
    max_number = c

# Print the maximum number
print("Maximum number is:", max_number)

year = int(input("Enter a year : "))

if year % 4 == 0:
    if year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0:
        print("Leap Year")
    else:
        print("Not a Leap Year")
else:
    print("Not a Leap Year")

N = int(input("Enter the value of N : "))

sum_natural = (N * (N + 1)) // 2
print("Sum of first", N, "natural numbers is:", sum_natural)

N = int(input("Enter the value of N : "))

average = (N * (N + 1)) / (2 * N)
print("Average of first", N, "natural numbers is:", average)

a = int(input("Enter the value of a: "))
b = int(input("Enter the value of b: "))
c = int(input("Enter the value of c: "))
count = 0

for number in range(a, b + 1):
    if number % c == 0:
        count += 1

print("Number of numbers divisible by", c, "between", a, "and", b, "is:", count)

for i in range(7):
    if i == 3 or i == 6:
        continue
    print(i, end=",")

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
for i in range(1, 11):
    print(f"{num} x {i} = {num * i}")

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
factorial = 1
for i in range(1, num + 1):
    factorial *= i
print(f"The factorial of {num} is {factorial}")

n = int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))
a, b = 0, 1
for _ in range(n):
    print(a, end=" ")
    a, b = b, a + b

total = 0
for _ in range(10):
    num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
    total += num
average = total / 10
print(f"The average is: {average}")

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
reverse_num = 0
while num > 0:
    reverse_num = reverse_num * 10 + num % 10
    num = num // 10
print(f"The reversed number is: {reverse_num}")

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
temp = num
sum = 0
while temp > 0:
    digit = temp % 10
    sum += digit ** 3
    temp //= 10
if num == sum:
    print(f"{num} is an Armstrong number")
else:
    print(f"{num} is not an Armstrong number")

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
is_prime = True
for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):
    if num % i == 0:
        is_prime = False
        break
if is_prime and num > 1:
    print(f"{num} is a prime number")
else:
    print(f"{num} is not a prime number")

start = int(input("Enter the starting number of the interval: "))
end = int(input("Enter the ending number of the interval: "))
print(f"Prime numbers between {start} and {end} are:")
for num in range(start, end + 1):
    if num > 1:
        for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):
            if num % i == 0:
                break
        else:
            print(num, end=" ")

for i in range(1, 5):
    print('* ' * i)

rows = 4
i = rows
while i >= 1:
    j = rows
    while j > i:
        # display space
        print(' ', end=' ')
        j -= 1
    k = 1
    while k <= i:
        print('*', end=' ')
        k += 1
    print()
    i -= 1

print("Print equilateral triangle Pyramid using asterisk symbol ")
# printing full Triangle pyramid using stars
size = 5
m = (2 * size) - 2
for i in range(0, size):
    for j in range(0, m):
        print(end=" ")
    # decrementing m after each loop
    m = m - 1
    for j in range(0, i + 1):
        print("*", end=' ')
    print(" ")

for i in range(4, 0, -1):
    print('* ' * i)

for i in range(5):
    for j in range(1, 6 - i):
        print(j, end=' ')
    print()

for i in range(4):
    for j in range(1, i + 2):
        print(j, end=' ')
    print()

for i in range(4):
    for _ in range(i + 1):
        print(i + 1, end=' ')
    print()

for i in range(4):
    for _ in range(i + 1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()
    for _ in range(i + 1):
        print('#', end=' ')
    print()

for i in range(4):
    for j in range(i + 1):
        print((i + j) % 2, end=' ')
    print()

for i in range(4):
    for j in range(i + 1):
        print((i + j) % 2, end=' ')
    print()

for i in range(4):
    for j in range(i + 1):
        print(j + 1, end=' ')
    print()

for i in range(4):
    for _ in range(i + 1):
        print(i + 1, end=' ')
    print()

# Function to calculate Gross Pay
def calculate_gross_pay(grade_level, city):
    if grade_level == 'A':
        basic_pay = 60000
        other_allowances = 8000
    elif grade_level == 'B':
        basic_pay = 50000
        other_allowances = 7000
    elif grade_level == 'C':
        basic_pay = 40000
        other_allowances = 6000
    elif grade_level == 'D':
        basic_pay = 30000
        other_allowances = 5000
    elif grade_level == 'E':
        basic_pay = 20000
        other_allowances = 4000
    elif grade_level == 'F':
        basic_pay = 10000
        other_allowances = 3000
    else:
        print("Invalid grade level entered.")
        return None

    hra = calculate_hra(grade_level, city)
    dra = 0.5 * basic_pay
    transport_allowance = 900
    professional_tax = 200
    epf = 0.11 * basic_pay

    gross_pay = basic_pay + hra + dra + other_allowances + transport_allowance - professional_tax - epf
    return gross_pay

# Function to calculate HRA based on city
def calculate_hra(grade_level, city):
    basic_pay = 0
    if grade_level == 'A':
        basic_pay = 60000
    elif grade_level == 'B':
        basic_pay = 50000
    elif grade_level == 'C':
        basic_pay = 40000
    elif grade_level == 'D':
        basic_pay = 30000
    elif grade_level == 'E':
        basic_pay = 20000
    elif grade_level == 'F':
        basic_pay = 10000

    if city == 1:
        return 0.3 * basic_pay
    elif city == 2:
        return 0.2 * basic_pay
    elif city == 3:
        return 0.1 * basic_pay
    else:
        print("Invalid city entered.")
        return None

# Function to calculate Income Tax
def calculate_income_tax(annual_income):
    if annual_income <= 250000:
        return 0
    elif 250001 <= annual_income <= 500000:
        return 0.05 * (annual_income - 250000)
    elif 500001 <= annual_income <= 750000:
        return 0.10 * (annual_income - 500000) + 12500
    elif 750001 <= annual_income <= 1000000:
        return 0.15 * (annual_income - 750000) + 37500
    elif 1000001 <= annual_income <= 1250000:
        return 0.20 * (annual_income - 1000000) + 75000
    elif 1250001 <= annual_income <= 1500000:
        return 0.25 * (annual_income - 1250000) + 125000
    else:
        return 0.30 * (annual_income - 1500000) + 187500

# Input from user
grade_level = input("Enter the grade level (A, B, C, D, E, or F): ").upper()
city = int(input("Enter the city (1, 2, or 3): "))

# Calculate Gross Pay, Annual Income, and Income Tax
gross_pay = calculate_gross_pay(grade_level, city)

if gross_pay != None:
    annual_income = gross_pay * 12
    income_tax = calculate_income_tax(annual_income)

    # Display results
    print(f"Gross Pay of an Employee is: {gross_pay}")
    print(f"Annual income of an employee is: {annual_income}")
    print(f"Income Tax to be paid by an employee is: {income_tax}")

def digit_count(number):
    count = 0
    while number > 0:
        number //= 10
        count += 1
    return count

def is_disarium(number):
    temp = number
    count = digit_count(temp)
    sum_disarium = 0
    while temp > 0:
        digit = temp % 10
        sum_disarium += digit ** count
        temp //= 10
        count -= 1
    return sum_disarium == number

def is_harshad(number):
    temp = number
    sum_digits = 0
    while temp > 0:
        sum_digits += temp % 10
        temp //= 10
    return number % sum_digits == 0

for i in range(1, 101):
    if is_disarium(i) and is_harshad(i):
        print(i)

def analyze_scores():
    highest = None
    second_largest = None
    lowest = None
    second_lowest = None
    total = 0
    count = 0
    has_warning = False

    for i in range(10):
        score = float(input(f"Enter test score {i + 1}: "))

        if score > 100:
            has_warning = True

        # Initialize values on the first iteration
        if count == 0:
            highest = score
            lowest = score
        else:
            # Find highest score
            if score > highest:
                second_largest = highest
                highest = score
            elif second_largest == None or score > second_largest:
                second_largest = score

            # Find lowest score
            if score < lowest:
                second_lowest = lowest
                lowest = score
            elif second_lowest == None or score < second_lowest:
                second_lowest = score

        # Find average
        total += score
        count += 1

    average = total / count

    # Display results
    print("Highest Score:", highest)
    print("Second Largest Score:", second_largest if count > 1 \
          else "There is no second largest score.")
    print("Lowest Score:", lowest)
    print("Average Score:", average)

    if has_warning:
        print("Warning: A score over 100 has been entered.")

    # Calculate average after dropping two lowest scores
    if count > 2:
        total_after_dropping = total - lowest - second_lowest
        count_after_dropping = count - 2
        average_after_dropping = total_after_dropping / count_after_dropping
        print("Average after dropping two lowest scores:", average_after_dropping)
    else:
        print("There are not enough scores to calculate \
        the average after dropping two lowest scores.")


# Call the function to analyze the scores
analyze_scores()

def encode_number(number):
    encoded_number = 0
    multiplier = 1
    
    while number > 0:
        digit = number % 10
        if digit == 9:
            encoded_number += 0 * multiplier
        else:
            encoded_number += (digit + 1) * multiplier
        multiplier *= 10
        number //= 10
    
    return encoded_number

# Get input from the user
user_input = int(input("Enter a positive integer: "))

# Encode the number
encoded_result = encode_number(user_input)

# Display the result
print("The number after encoding is:", encoded_result)

def swap_first_and_last_digits(number):
    # Find the number of digits in the number
    num_digits = 0
    temp = number
    while temp > 0:
        temp //= 10
        num_digits += 1

    # Handle the case where the number has only one digit
    if num_digits <= 1:
        return number

    # Extract the first and last digits
    first_digit = number // (10 ** (num_digits - 1))
    last_digit = number % 10

    # Remove the first and last digits
    number_without_first_last = (number % (10 ** (num_digits - 1))) // 10

    # Swap and reconstruct the number
    swapped_number = last_digit * (10 ** (num_digits - 1)) + number_without_first_last * 10 + first_digit

    return swapped_number

# Get input from the user
user_input = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Swap the first and last digits
result = swap_first_and_last_digits(user_input)

# Display the result
print("After swapping the first and last digits:", result)

n = 0

while n <= 0 or n % 2 == 0:
    n = int(input("Enter an odd number as the number of lines: "))

for i in range(1, n + 1):
    for j in range(1, n + 1):
        if (i <= n // 2 and j > i and j <= n - i) or (i > n // 2 and j < i and j > n - i + 1):
            print(" ", end="")
        else:
            print("*", end="")
    print()

def calculate_easter_date(year):
    a = year % 19
    b = year % 4
    c = year % 7
    d = (19 * a + 24) % 30
    e = (2 * b + 4 * c + 6 * d + 5) % 7

    date_of_easter = 22 + d + e

    # Adjust if the date is in April
    if date_of_easter > 31:
        date_of_easter -= 31

    # Special adjustment for certain years
    if year in [1954, 1981, 2049, 2076]:
        date_of_easter -= 7

    return f"{year}-04-{date_of_easter:02d}"

# Get input from the user
user_input = int(input("Enter a year (1900-2099): "))

# Validate input year
if 1900 <= user_input <= 2099:
    result = calculate_easter_date(user_input)
    print(f"The date of Easter Sunday in {user_input} is: {result}")
else:
    print("Please enter a year between 1900 and 2099.")

def calculate_gcd(a, b):
    while b:
        a, b = b, a % b
    return a

# Get input from the user
num1 = int(input("Enter the first positive integer: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter the second positive integer: "))

# Validate input
if num1 > 0 and num2 > 0:
    # Calculate GCD
    gcd_result = calculate_gcd(num1, num2)
    print(f"The GCD of {num1} and {num2} is: {gcd_result}")
else:
    print("Please enter positive integers.")

# Initialize variables
sum = 0
count = 0
minimum = None
maximum = None

# Prompt the user to enter numbers
while True:
    number = input("Enter a number: ")

    # If the user enters "QUIT", stop the loop
    if number == "QUIT":
        break

    # Convert the number to an integer
    number = int(number)

    # Update the sum and count variables
    sum += number
    count += 1

    # Update the minimum and maximum variables
    if minimum == None or number < minimum:
        minimum = number
    if maximum == None or number > maximum:
        maximum = number

# Calculate the average
average = sum / count

# Print the results
print("Sum:", sum)
print("Average:", average)
print("Minimum:", minimum)
print("Maximum:", maximum)

def calculate_studio_rent(month, nights):
    studio_night_rate = 0

    if month == "January" or month == "February" or month == "March" or month == "April":
        studio_night_rate = 50
        if nights > 7:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.7
        elif nights > 3:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.8
    elif month == "May" or month == "June" or month == "July" or month == "August":
        studio_night_rate = 70
        if nights > 7:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.8
        elif nights > 3:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.9
    elif month == "September" or month == "October" or month == "November" or month == "December":
        studio_night_rate = 80
        if nights > 7:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.9
        elif nights > 3:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.95

    return studio_night_rate * nights

def calculate_apartment_rent(nights):
    apartment_night_rate = 0

    if month == "January" or month == "February" or month == "March" or month == "April":
        apartment_night_rate = 60
        if nights > 7:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.9
      
    elif month == "May" or month == "June" or month == "July" or month == "August":
        apartment_night_rate = 80
        if nights > 7:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.8
        
    elif month == "September" or month == "October" or month == "November" or month == "December":
        apartment_night_rate = 90
        if nights > 7:
            studio_night_rate *= 0.9
    

    return apartment_night_rate * nights

# Input from user
month = input("Enter the month of stay: ")
nights = int(input("Enter the number of nights: "))

# Calculate rents
studio_rent = calculate_studio_rent(month, nights)
apartment_rent = calculate_apartment_rent(nights)

# Display results
print(f"Studio Rent for {nights} nights is ${studio_rent}")
print(f"Apartment Rent for {nights} nights is ${apartment_rent}")

def find_numbers(product):
    for a in range(1, 10):
        for b in range(0, 10):
            for c in range(0, 10):
                for d in range(0, 10):
                    for e in range(0, 10):
                        for f in range(0, 10):
                            if a * b * c * d * e * f == product:
                                print(a * 100000 + b * 10000 + c * 1000 + d * 100 + e * 10 + f)

# Get user input
entered_number = int(input("Enter a single digit integer number: "))

if 0 <= entered_number <= 9:
    print(f"All possible 6-digit numbers for which the product of their digits is {entered_number}:")
    find_numbers(entered_number)
else:
    print("Please enter a single digit integer.")

# Initialize variables
minimum_even = None
maximum_even = None
sum_even = 0
count_even = 0
minimum_odd = None
maximum_odd = None
sum_odd = 0
count_odd = 0

# Prompt the user to enter numbers
while True:
    number = input("Enter a number or 'stop': ")

    # If the user enters "stop", stop the loop
    if number == "stop":
        break

    # Convert the number to an integer
    number = int(number)

    # If the number is even
    if number % 2 == 0:
        # Update the minimum and maximum even variables
        if minimum_even == None or number < minimum_even:
            minimum_even = number
        if maximum_even == None or number > maximum_even:
            maximum_even = number

        # Update the sum and count even variables
        sum_even += number
        count_even += 1

    # If the number is odd
    else:
        # Update the minimum and maximum odd variables
        if minimum_odd == None or number < minimum_odd:
            minimum_odd = number
        if maximum_odd == None or number > maximum_odd:
            maximum_odd = number

        # Update the sum and count odd variables
        sum_odd += number
        count_odd += 1

# Calculate the average of even and odd numbers
average_even = sum_even / count_even if count_even > 0 else None
average_odd = sum_odd / count_odd if count_odd > 0 else None

# Print the results
print("Results for even numbers:")
print("Minimum:", minimum_even)
print("Maximum:", maximum_even)
print("Average:", average_even)

print("Results for odd numbers:")
print("Minimum:", minimum_odd)
print("Maximum:", maximum_odd)
print("Average:", average_odd)

def newton_sqrt(x, num_iterations):
    guess = x / 2  # Initial guess

    for _ in range(num_iterations):
        guess = (guess + x / guess) / 2

    return guess

# Prompt user for input
x = float(input("Enter a number to find the square root of: "))
num_iterations = int(input("Enter the number of iterations for Newton's Method: "))

# Check for valid input
if x < 0 or num_iterations <= 0:
    print("Please enter a positive number and a positive number of iterations.")
else:
    # Compute square root using Newton's Method
    result = newton_sqrt(x, num_iterations)
    print(f"The square root of {x} using Newton's Method after {num_iterations} iterations is approximately: {result:.6f}")